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@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
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\usepackage{setspace}
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% Default fixed font does not support bold face
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\DeclareFixedFont{\ttb}{T1}{txtt}{bx}{n}{7} % for bold
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\DeclareFixedFont{\ttm}{T1}{txtt}{m}{n}{7} % for normal
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\DeclareFixedFont{\ttb}{T1}{ascii}{m}{n}{7} % for bold
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\DeclareFixedFont{\ttm}{T1}{ascii}{m}{n}{7} % for normal
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% Custom colors
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\usepackage{color}
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@ -58,13 +58,13 @@
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\newcommand\pythonstyle{
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\lstset{
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language=Python,
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basicstyle=\ttm\color{white},
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basicstyle=\ttfamily\color{white}\tiny,
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otherkeywords={self}, % Add keywords here
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keywordstyle=\ttb\color{lightblue},
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commentstyle=\ttb\color{teal},
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keywordstyle=\ttfamily\color{lightblue},
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commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{teal},
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emph={MyClass,__init__}, % Custom highlighting
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emphstyle=\ttb\color{deepred}, % Custom highlighting style
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stringstyle=\color{red},
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emphstyle=\ttfamily\color{deepred}, % Custom highlighting style
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stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{red},
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frame=tb, % Any extra options here
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backgroundcolor = \color{black},
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showstringspaces=false %
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@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ $\rightarrow$ max. 600 messages per hour on SF7 \\
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\end{minipage}
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\item Programmable in MicroPython thanks to \texttt{uPyLora} library by lemariva (\url{https://github.com/lemariva/uPyLora})
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\begin{spacing}{0.52}
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\begin{spacing}{0.84}
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\begin{python}
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from lora_transceiver import LoRaTransceiver
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from uPySensors.ssd1306_i2c import Display
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@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ disp = Display()
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lora = LoRaTransceiver(display=disp)
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# send a string
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lora.send_string("hello world!")
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lora.send_string("Hello World!")
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# send some raw binary data
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lora.send([0x01, 0x02, 0x03])
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@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ lora.send([0x01, 0x02, 0x03])
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\begin{frame}[fragile]{Playground Part I}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Receiving data:
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\begin{spacing}{0.52}
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\begin{spacing}{0.84}
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\begin{python}
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from lora_transceiver import LoRaTransceiver
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from uPySensors.ssd1306_i2c import Display
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@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ lora.recv()
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\end{python}
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\end{spacing}
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\item Change LoRa parameters
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\begin{spacing}{0.52}
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\begin{spacing}{0.85}
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\begin{python}
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# change the spreading factor
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lora.setSpreadingFactor(10)
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@ -499,42 +499,190 @@ lora.setSyncWord(0x34)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{LoRaWAN or 'How to send data to the cloud'}
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\begin{frame}{Introduction}
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\section{LoRaWAN}
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\begin{frame}{LoRaWAN}
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\begin{reference}{2mm}{80mm}
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https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/
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\end{reference}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item LoRaWAN is for getting your sensor data online
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\item Media access control (MAC) protocol
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\item Network topology:\\
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.085]{images/lorawan_topology.png}
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\end{center}
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\item \textbf{Gateways} forward data from nodes to the \textit{cloud}
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\item Transmission is secured by AES-128 encryption
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{Device registration}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{TheThingsNetwork} aims to build a global LoRaWAN network
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\item Devices need to be registered and assigned to an application before they can communicate with the network
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Create an account on \url{https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/}
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\item Log in and open the \textit{Console}
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\item
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\begin{minipage}{0.35\textwidth}
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\vspace{-1.85cm}Create an application
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\end{minipage}%
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\begin{minipage}{0.6\textwidth}
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\vspace{-0.2cm}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.08]{images/lorawan_application.png}
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\end{minipage}
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\item Create a device and register it. Go to \textit{Settings} and change activation method to Activation by Personalisation (ABP)\\
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\includegraphics[scale=0.08]{images/lorawan_abp.png}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{Keys}
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\begin{reference}{2mm}{80mm}
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https://nootropicdesign.com/projectlab/2018/10/28/lorawan-end-devices/
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\end{reference}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Three important keys (when using ABP):\\
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\begin{scriptsize}
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\begin{center}
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\hspace*{-8pt}\makebox[\linewidth][c]{%
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\begin{tabular}{l|l}
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Device Address (\textbf{DevAddr}) & identification of the device in TTN \\
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\hline
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Network Session Key (\textbf{NwkSKey}) & secure communication between device and TTN \\
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\hline
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Application Session Key (\textbf{AppSKey}) & secure communication between device and application
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\end{tabular}
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}
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\end{center}
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\end{scriptsize}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item DevAddr tells TTN where to route the data
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\item NwkSKey used for message validity check (MIC)\\ (prevents tampering with messages)
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\item AppSKey are used for payload encryption/decryption\\ (prevents reading the data)
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\item Need to be \textbf{hardcoded} into the device
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\end{itemize}
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\item Alternatively: use Over-the-Air Activation (OTAA) (more secure)
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\item Frame counters: Each message is equipped with a counter that prevents re-transmit attacks
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{reference}{2mm}{70mm}
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https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/forum/t/limitations-data-rate-packet-size-30-seconds-uplink-and-10-messages-downlink-per-day-fair-access-policy-guidelines/1300
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\end{reference}
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\textbf{Outline:}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{LoRaWAN payload format}
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\begin{reference}{2mm}{70mm}
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http://www.techplayon.com/lora-long-range-network-architecture-protocol-architecture-and-frame-formats/
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\end{reference}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{images/lorawan_payload_format.png}
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\end{center}
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Useful link:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Extensions: LoRaWAN
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\begin{itemize}
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\item explain basic idea (getting your sensor data online)
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\item network topology
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\item protocol
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\item encryption
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\item Fair use policy \url{https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/forum/t/limitations-data-rate-packet-size-30-seconds-uplink-and-10-messages-downlink-per-day-fair-access-policy-guidelines/1300}
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\end{itemize}
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\item Practical part II: playing around with MicroPython LoRa modules, getting data into the cloud
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\item LoRaWAN packet decoder {\small \url{https://lorawan-packet-decoder-0ta6puiniaut.runkit.sh/}}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Practical Part II}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\begin{frame}[fragile]{Playground Part II}
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Example code for sending data to \textbf{TheThingsNetwork}:
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\begin{spacing}{0.85}
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\begin{python}
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from lora_transceiver import LoRaTransceiver
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from uPySensors.ssd1306_i2c import Display
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import uLoRaWAN
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from uLoRaWAN.MHDR import MHDR
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disp = Display()
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# create transceiver for LoRaWAN frequency (channel 0 = 868.1 Mhz)
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lora = LoRaTransceiver(frequency=868.1E6, syncword=0x34, display=disp)
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# set address and keys for LoRaWAN (with ABP)
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devAddr = [0x26, 0x01, 0x16, 0x5C] # ir_test_device_01
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nwkSKey = [0x9D, 0x95, 0x0F, 0xAB, 0xCB, 0x63, 0xD3, 0x04, 0xBC, 0x09,
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0xC4, 0x9E, 0xC5, 0xDF, 0x3C, 0x37]
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appSKey = [0xC9, 0x6C, 0x00, 0xD1, 0xB0, 0x1C, 0x2E, 0x42, 0x11, 0xBA,
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0x32, 0x6F, 0x2F, 0xC2, 0x75, 0x6A]
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# lorawan object for conversion of data in LoRaWAN message format
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lorawan = uLoRaWAN.new(nwkSKey, appSKey)
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message = list(map(ord, 'Hello World!')) # convert to bytes
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lorawan.create(MHDR.UNCONF_DATA_UP, { 'devaddr': devAddr, 'fcnt': 0,
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'data': message })
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payload = lorawan.to_raw()
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lora.send(payload)
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\end{python}
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\end{spacing}
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(the code is based on the \texttt{uLoRaWAN} library by mallagant, see: {\small \url{https://github.com/mallagant/uLoRaWAN}})
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]{Playground Part II}
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For testing you can use the following device addresses and keys:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Set device address, network and application key
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\item Encrypt data (done by uLoRaWAN)
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\item Encode data (as in Part I)
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\item Send data ...
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\item
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\textbf{nwkSKey}
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\begin{python}
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9D 95 0F AB CB 63 D3 04 BC 09 C4 9E C5 DF 3C 37
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\end{python}
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\item \textbf{appSKey}
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\begin{python}
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C9 6C 00 D1 B0 1C 2E 42 11 BA 32 6F 2F C2 75 6A
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\end{python}
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\item \textbf{devAddr} (choose one):
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\begin{python}
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1: 26 01 16 5C 10: 26 01 1A CE
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2: 26 01 18 52 11: 26 01 12 F1
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3: 26 01 1E 4F 12: 26 01 1B 18
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4: 26 01 17 83 13: 26 01 19 40
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5: 26 01 1B 5C 14: 26 01 19 96
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6: 26 01 1E B5 15: 26 01 18 FF
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7: 26 01 13 DA
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8: 26 01 1E 8F
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9: 26 01 18 F1
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\end{python}
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\item Watch incoming data at
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\begin{center}
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\url{https://enny86r86c66.x.pipedream.net}
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\end{center}
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and check the gateway logs at (@BayernWLAN wifi)
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\begin{center}
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\url{http://192.168.1.1/}
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\end{center}
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\end{itemize}
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On the receiver side:
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{References and further reading}
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\begin{footnotesize}
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References:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item ... receive data
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\item Decrypt data (using keys)
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\item Decode data (as in Part I)
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\item Do something with the data
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\item Decoding LoRa \url{https://revspace.nl/DecodingLora}
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\item \textit{LoRa und The Things Network} - talk by Hubert Högl (FH Augsburg)
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\item \href{https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/278192/understanding-the-relationship-between-lora-chips-chirps-symbols-and-bits}{Stackexchange thread about LoRa symbols}
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\item \href{http://wireless.ictp.it/school_2017/Slides/LoRaDetails.pdf}{LoRa talk}
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\item \href{https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmL13yqb6OxdeOi97EvI8QeO8o-PqeQ0g}{Mobilefish.com LoRa youtube tutorials}
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\end{itemize}
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Best practices to reduce payload size: \url{https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/forum/t/best-practices-to-limit-application-payloads/1302}\\
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Cayenne Low Power Payload (LPP)
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Further reading:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item TTN Applications: APIs, Python SDK, Integrations {\scriptsize \url{https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/applications/}}
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\item Best practices to reduce payload size: {\scriptsize \url{https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/forum/t/best-practices-to-limit-application-payloads/1302}}
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\item Forum about all things LoRa: \url{https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/forum/}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Gateway guides
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\item Antenna recommendations
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\item ...
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\end{itemize}
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\item Cayenne Low Power Payload (LPP)
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\end{itemize}
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\end{footnotesize}
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\pause
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\begin{center}
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\textbf{Thanks for your attention!}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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